This book is about the historical science in Chinas modern law. It is divided into fourteen subjects to expound the tortuous course of law-governing development since the foundation of the Peoples Republic of China and analyze all important theories and practical issues during the development. It is designed that people, through history can know that all current achievements in law-governing building and approvals on the law-governing values from the masses are obtained through profound historical lessons. Though great results have been achieved in Law-governing building during Chinas socialism, many theoretical and practical issues are still facing us in ruling by law and building socialist law-governing country and more efforts are needed. This book is written by six law scholars who were born in 1960s or 1970s and grew up with the reform and opening up. Their academic thoughts are important in expanding historical science research on Chinas modern law and deepening the theories and practice in the socialist legal system with Chinese characteristics.