This volume surveys the burst of political imagination that created multiple Enlightenment cultures in an era widely understood as an age of democratic revolutions. Enlightenment as precursor to liberal democratic modernity was once secular catechism for generations of readers. Yet democracy did not elicit much enthusiasm among contemporaries, while democracy as a political system remained virtually nonexistent through much of the period. If seventeenth- and eighteenth-century ideas did underwrite the democracies of succeeding centuries, they were often inheritances from monarchical governments that had encouraged plural structures of power competition. But in revolutions across France, Britain, and North America, the republican integration of constitutional principle and popular will established rational hope for public happiness. Nevertheless, the tragic clashes of principle and will in fraught revolutionary projects were also democratic legacies. Each chapter focuses on a distinct theme: sovereignty; liberty and the rule of law; the “common good”; economic and social democracy; religion and the principles of political obligation; citizenship and gender; ethnicity, race, and nationalism; democratic crises, revolutions, and civil resistance; international relations; and the transformations of sovereignty-a synoptic survey of the cultural entanglements of “enlightenment” and “democracy.” Michael Mosher is Professor of Political Science at the University of Tulsa, Oklahoma, USA. His interests focus upon the history of political philosophy with an emphasis upon the enlightenment philosophe and founding father of the social sciences, Baron Charles-Louis de Montesquieu and his many disciples and critics. He has also published studies regarding contemporary concerns with civil society, rights and justice. Dr Anna Plassart is lecturer in History at The Open University, UK. A specialist on the transnational dimension of eighteenth-century political culture, she is the author of many essays and of the monograph The Scottish Enlightenment and the French Revolution (2015). Eugenio Biagini is Professor of History at Sidney Sussex College, University of Cambridge, UK. A historian of liberalism and democracy, he has written on British, Irish and Italian history since 1789. His publications include British Democracy and Irish nationalism 1876-1906 (2007), The Shaping of Modern Ireland (2016, edited with Daniel Mulhall), Currents of Radicalism. Popular Radicalism, Organized Labour and Party Politics in Britain, 1850-1914 , (1991, edited with A. J. Reid), and Citizenship and Community. Liberals, Radicals and Collective Identities in the British Isles 1865-1931 , (1996).