This book chronicles a World War II veteran's lifelong search for peace through strengthening democracies and the international institutions that unite them. James Huntley began a promising social service career in Washington State, but the Korean War convinced him to begin a quest for world peace that he continues to this day. As a young diplomat, he helped the Germans take their place among the democratic nations and later worked on the foundations of NATO and the European Union. He conceived of the private multinational Atlantic Institute, reluctantly leaving the diplomatic service to help world leaders bring it about, and later headed the Atlantic Council of the United States. He has devoted his career to study and networking in foundations, research organizations, and nonprofit groups that prod democracies to unite for peace. "Over half a century, James Huntley has played a major leadership role—in government and in the nonprofit and scholarly worlds—animating and strengthening bonds among democratic peoples and institutions, from the EU and NATO to the new intergovernmental Community of Democracies. This is a personal story of our times, well told by a master practitioner." —Robert Hunter, former US ambassador to NATO "Jim Huntley is both an extraordinary American and an advocate for multiparty democracies around the world. Every democrat anywhere should read this work." —David Kilgour, Member of Parliament, Canada "James Huntley shares with us his incomparable experience of diplomacy and the organisation of civil society in a book rich with his wise insights." — The Rt. Hon. Lord [Christopher] Patten of Barnes, CH, former European Commissioner for External Relations and Governor of Hong Kong James Robert Huntley of Washington State spent a decade in the Foreign Service (mostly in USIA), spurred creation of the Atlantic Institute of Paris, served as a program executive at the Ford Foundation, a Fellow of the Batelle Research Institute, and the president and CEO of the Atlantic Council of the United States. He is a founder and current vice president of the Council for a Community of Democracies and has helped form and animate a dozen nongovernmental organizations dealing with peace and democracy. His previous writings include Europe and America (1970), Uniting the Democracies (1980), and Pax Democratica (1998, 2001). An Architect of Democracy Building a Mosaic of Peace By James Robert Huntley New Academia Publishing Copyright © 2006 James Robert Huntley All right reserved. ISBN: 978-0-9777908-5-2 Contents List of IllustrationsForeword by Brent ScowcroftPreface1 At the Iron Curtain2 Growing Up and Outward3 Pearl Harbor Changed Us Forever4 Deutschland under the Allies5 Borderland Stories6 Academic Retooling and Atlantic Immersion7 Into the Jaws of the Bureaucracy8 The Unification of Europe and the Ambiguities of Atlanticism9 The Atlantic Institute10 Foundations and Society's Third Sector11 The Mother Country and the Atlantic Colleges12 Atlantic Jack of All Trades13 The Knowledge Industry14 The Far East and the World in the Mid-Seventies15 Japan and the Atlantic-Pacific System16 The Atlantic-Pacific System17 Back to the Beltway: 1983 and Beyond18 Towards a Global Community of Democracies19 The Bottom LineAppendicesA Institutional Evolution of a Democratic World (1947-2004)B Atlantic Congress: Declaration and Resolution on the Atlantic Institute (1959)C A Draft Declaration on Modern Philanthropy (1972)D Mid-Atlantic Clubs: What Are They? (1974)E The Challenge of Building an International Community (1980)F Excerpts from an Address to the British Parliament by President Ronald Reagan (1982)G Declaration of London: A Community of Democracies, (1982)H The Next Century Initiative: Building a New Democratic Order (1992)I Final Warsaw Declaration: Toward a Community of Democracies (2000)J EU-U.S. Summit Declaration on Democracy (2005)Index Foreword A Snapshot in Time: Washington DC in 1963. On Labor Day, 1963, I arrived in Washington for my new assignment, heading the North American office of the Atlantic Institute. The post of director general of the Institute had not been filled when I left Paris; my appointment to Washington had been agreed earlier by Lodge, when still DG, and General Lauris Norstad, then chairman of the Atlantic Council's board. Lodge's vacated position was first offered to General Alfred Gruenther, a marvelous soldier who had been Eisenhower's chief of staff at NATO and later Supreme Allied Commander Europe himself. He refused and instead became head of the American Red Cross. I got to know Gruenther well and admired him a great deal. It was said that at NATO parade-reviews, Gruenther, as SACEUR, would greet each contingent in its own native language-including Portuguese, Greek, and Turkish-a rare and valuable sensibility. Ambassador Walter (Red) Dowling was appointed the new director general of the Atlantic Institute at the end of October 1963; he and