This Element was written to meet the theoretical and methodological challenge raised by the third science revolution and its implications for how to study and interpret European prehistory. The first section is therefore devoted to a historical and theoretical discussion of how to practice interdisciplinarity in this new age, and following from that, how to define some crucial, but undertheorized categories, such as culture, ethnicity and various forms of migration. The author thus integrates the new results from archaeogenetics into an archaeological frame of reference, to produce a new and theoretically informed historical narrative, one that also invites debate, but also one that identifies areas of uncertainty, where more research is needed. 'One of the great virtues of Kristiansen's approach is his clarity of style and purpose, accompanied by numerous diagrammatic models that make explicit his assumptions and interpretations. … this is a worthy and thought-provoking addition to Cambridge University Press's new Elements series, which clearly fulfils the brief of providing concise, timely and authoritative accounts of key current developments in the discipline. It deserves to be widely read.' Anders Högberg, Antiquity Combines the latest results from archaeogenetics with archaeological evidence in order to produce a new narrative of European prehistory.