This book delves into the ancient world of the Greeks and Romans, examining their beliefs and practices that shaped their social structures and political systems. The author moves beyond the familiar mythology of the Olympian gods to explore the profound influence of a far older religion: the worship of dead ancestors and fire. He argues that this domestic worship, shared within families, served as the bedrock of ancient society. It gave rise to the institution of the family, with its rigid rules of inheritance and exaggerated paternal authority. The book examines how this worship also extended outwards, forming the gens, curia, and ultimately the city-state, demonstrating the deep connection between religious practice and political organization. Through a meticulous analysis of ancient customs, rituals, and legal systems, the author reveals how the worship of the dead shaped every aspect of life, from marriage and family structure to war and political revolutions. The book's exploration of these interwoven themes offers a powerful and compelling insight into the origins of Western civilization.