This volume presents key findings from the 20th International Rock Art Congress, focusing on the rock art of the Eastern Sahara, particularly Egypt and Sudan. Papers explore regional overviews, rock art's relationship with the landscape, stylistic diversity, and symbolic meanings, with contributions focused on the Western Desert and Nubian rock art, as well as thematic, chronological and stylistic analyses. These papers highlight the dynamic interactions between environmental contexts, artistic expressions, and cultural exchanges, providing new insights into the ancient societies of the Eastern Sahara. The volume is dedicated to the memory of Dirk Huyge (1957–2018). editor