Since the work of E.P. Sanders, most modern approaches to this topic have been focused on social or sociological aspects of the issue (particularly in relation to Paul's mission to the Gentiles), but the last few years have seen an increasing willingness to open up questions seemingly 'settled' in the New Perspective, and a renewed desire to examine the structures of theology concerning grace and human action both in Paul and in his contemporary Judaism. It seems now worthwhile to examine to what extent there was an internal debate within Judaism about divine grace and its relation to human agency, and whether this debate could or did spawn various more or less radical solutions. The aim of this volume is to re-examine Paul within contemporary Jewish debate on this topic, attuned to the significant theological issues he raises without imposing upon him the frameworks developed in later Christian thought. ."..with contributions by nine first-rate scholars...this volume [is] a must read for everyone interested in an update on this often hotly debated topic." Expository Times, November 2009 Mention New Testament Abstracts, Vol. 53 No. 1, 2009 Mention --New Testament Abstracts, Vol. 53 No. 1, 2009 Mention -New Testament Abstracts, Vol. 53 No. 1, 2009 Review in International Review of Biblical Studies, vol. 54:2007/08 John M.G. Barclay is Lightfoot Professor of Divinity at the University of Durham, UK. Chris Keith is Research Professor of New Testament and Early Christianity at MF Norwegian School of Theology, Religion and Society, Norway. He is the author of The Pericope Adulterae , the Gospel of John and the Literacy of Jesus , a winner of the 2010 John Templeton Award for Theological Promise, and Jesus' Literacy: Scribal Culture and the Teacher from Galilee . He is also the co-editor of Jesus among Friends and Enemies: A Historical and Literary Introduction to Jesus in the Gospels , and was recently named a 2012 Society of Biblical Literature Regional Scholar. Simon J. Gathercole is Lecturer in New Testament at the University of Cambridge, UK.