Every day in every operating room, the same names are spoken over and over again. These names are the names of the great surgical innovators and teachers of the past. Surgeons call out for Kocher clamps and Deaver retractors. They perform Billroth gastric resections and Bassini hernia repairs. Those names have echoed from the sterile environments of operating rooms for over a hundred years. In Echoes from the Operating Room, Dr. Boyd tells the stories of the principal events and great men of surgery and science and their accomplishments in a concise and compelling style. From the sad story of the men who discovered anesthesia to the romantic reason rubber gloves were first worn by surgeons, the historical highlights that form the basis of modern surgery are brought to life. Every historical vignette concludes with a famous aphorism. Surgeons, nurses, medical students, and surgeons in training will find these stories essential to their heritage, and the public will be drawn in to that sacred and serious place where the stories unfold. ECHOES FROM THE OPERATING ROOM Vignettes in Surgical History By Carl R. Boyd Trafford Publishing Copyright © 2013 Carl R. Boyd All right reserved. ISBN: 978-1-4669-7753-2 Contents 1. A Moment in Montgomery....................................................12. Hippocrates of Cos: The Most Famous Physician.............................53. Mythology and Medicine: The Symbol of Medicine............................94. Mythology and Medicine: Achilles and Medusa...............................115. The Barber Surgeon and the Barber Pole....................................136. The Patron Saints of Surgery..............................................157. A Brief History of Cesarean Section.......................................178. Andreas Vesalius: Human Anatomy Redefined.................................199. William Harvey: The Circulation of Blood Described........................2110. A History of General Anesthesia..........................................2311. The First Use of Ether for Surgical Anesthesia...........................2512. Wash Your Hands..........................................................2713. The Birth of the Germ Theory and Bacteriology............................3114. The Discovery of Antisepsis..............................................3315. A Brief History Blood Transfusion........................................3516. The First Laparotomy.....................................................3717. The First Gastrectomy....................................................3918. The History of Appendectomy..............................................4119. Advances in Appendectomy.................................................4320. Pancreaticoduodenectomy..................................................4521. The First Perineal Prostatectomy.........................................4722. The Use of Rubber Gloves in Surgery......................................4923. The White Coat...........................................................5124. The History of Surgical Attire...........................................5325. The History of the "Scrub Tech"..........................................5526. The History of Surgery on the Mayo Stand.................................5727. The Father of Surgical Education: William Halstead.......................6328. The Father of Modern Hernia Surgery: Eduardo Bassini.....................6729. The Father of Neurosurgery: Harvey Cushing...............................6930. The Father of Pediatric Surgery: William Ladd............................7131. The Father of Modern Orthopedics: Willis Campbell........................7332. The Father of Cardiac Surgery: Michael DeBakey...........................7533. The Father of Modern Gynecology: J. Marion Simms.........................7734. The Blue Baby Turns Pink.................................................7935. John H. Gibbon: The Birth of Open-Heart Surgery..........................8336. A Button and the Surgical Clinics of North America.......................8737. Surgeon Nobel Laureates..................................................9138. Electrosurgery and a Man Named Bovie.....................................9739. Johns Hopkins and the Four Physicians....................................9940. The Mayo Clinic and the Mayo Brothers....................................103I George Washington, President 1789-1797.....................................107II James A. Garfield, President 1881.........................................109III Grover Cleveland, President 1885-1889, 1893-1897.........................111IV Dwight Eisenhower, President 1953-1961....................................113V Ronald Reagan, President 1981-1989.........................................115References...................................................................117 Chapter One A Moment in Montgomery I think I should begin by telling you, the reader, a little a