Discover the rich history and deep cultural significance of spices, from defining the flavors of regional cuisines to spurring Western exploration and colonialism. This book examines spices from a variety of perspectives, including their impact on culinary traditions, role in health and medicine, and influence on world economics and geopolitics for hundreds of years. More than 125 entries profile individual spices, regional cuisines, influential locations and trade routes, key issues in the modern spice trade, and much more. Entries on individual spices include information about the plant, its geographic distribution, history and cultural significance of its use, and any contemporary threats or concerns. Each entry includes cross-referencing and a list of further readings, allowing readers to both broaden and deepen their understanding of the subject. Sidebars supplement the main text, offering bite-sized, high-interest facts. Spices have been an important part of human culture for thousands of years. They were used to flavor and preserve food, as medicine, and even in religious practices. European demand for spices from the Middle East, Asia, and beyond created a complex network of merchants and trade routes, producing economic powerhouses and forever changing the culinary landscape of the Western world. Although the spice trade connected people and cultures across the globe, the insatiable quest for spices and the wealth they brought also contributed heavily to the rise of colonialism. This legacy of exploitation endures even today, with concerns over issues such as fair labor practices and environmental degradation leaving a bitter taste in the mouths of spice producers worldwide. Victoria Williams , PhD, is an independent writer and researcher living in London. She is the author of ABC-CLIO's Weird Sports and Wacky Games around the World: From Buzkashi to Zorbing (winner of the 2016 RUSA Outstanding Reference Sources Award); Celebrating Life Customs around the World: From Baby Showers to Funerals ; Indigenous Peoples: An Encyclopedia of Culture, History, and Threats to Survival ; and London: Geography, History and Culture . She is also the coeditor of ABC-CLIO's Etiquette and Taboos around the World: A Geographic Encyclopedia of Social and Cultural Customs . Williams wrote her PhD thesis on fairytales in Victorian literature and art and on film, and she has written on a variety of other subjects, including Hollywood ?lm, London society and culture, Mesoamerican mythology, Victorian literature, U.S. folklore, and British folk customs. She has also lectured on Victoria fairy paintings and depictions of childhood in 1940s film. In the past, Williams has worked as an editorial assistant on a leading British food magazine and run a small business selling traditional British cakes at artisan markets. Currently, alongside her writing, Williams runs a West London market championing local makers, including food producers.