While advances in food production made over the past century have made it possible to feed world population, food production and processing have also had detrimental effects on the environment, product quality, and human health, and have even resulted in some suffering. These food-related problems have not been sufficiently well discussed. It is essential that we understand the consequences of our food production processes, as well as the demands of rising standards of living on the food consumed around the world. This book includes papers presented at the second international conference convened to discuss these challenges. Topics include Impact of food production and food processing on the environment; Contamination of food; Food processing issues; Food production and climate change; Transportation problems; Traceability; Food characterisation; Pharmaceuticals in food; Pesticides and nutrients; Food and fecundity; Temperature control, freezing and thawing; Policies and regulations; Consumer risk and safety issues.