Discover Manhattan’s historic landmarks through beautiful photographs by Alfred Stieglitz, Berenice Abbott, Alfred Eisenstaedt and more; quirky quotes by celebrities, from George Washington to Lenny Bruce; and informative anecdotes, including the last public execution in Washington Square, the ghost of Aaron Burr’s lost daughter, Alva Vanderbilt’s costume ball, The Beatles’ “Ed Sullivan Show” appearance and more Museyon Guides explores the world through the lens of cultural obsessions. Historic Landmarks of Old New York By Museyon Guides Museyon Inc. Copyright © 2017 Museyon All rights reserved. ISBN: 978-1-940842-15-8 Contents New York Harbor and Downtown/Financial District, Lower East Side, SoHo, Washington Square, Greenwich Village/West Village, East Village, Union Square, Gramercy Park, Madison Square, Chelsea, Midtown South, Midtown, Upper East Side, Upper West Side, Harlem and North, Historic Landmarks, Old New York Anecdotes, Who Discovered New York?, Peter Minuit's Exchange of Manhattan, 1626, Captain Kidd and New York, George Washington and New York, The Great Negro Plot, 1741, P.T. Barnum's Circus and Museum, Jacob Riis, "How the Other Half Lives", Washington Square: Hangman's Elm and Rose Butler, Who Is Christopher of Christopher Street?, Theodosia Burr's Ghost and One if by Land, Two if by Sea, John Jacob Astor and His Family, Peter Stuyvesant's Pear Tree, Lost New York: Tin Pan Alley, Astor 400 and Waldorf-Astoria Hotel, Cornelius "Commodore" Vanderbilt, New York Draft Riots, 1863, U.N. Deal: Rockefeller and Zeckendorf at Club Monte Carlo, 1946, Arrival of Rockefeller, Vanderbilt Costume Ball, Monday, March 26, 1883, The Beatles' Ed Sullivan Show Appearance, Andrew Carnegie's Contribution to New York, Frederick Law Olmsted and New York, Billie Holiday's Life in New York, Hamilton's Life in New York, Did You Know? A secret anecdote by an expert 53, 115, 149, 197, CHAPTER 1 New York Harbor and Downtown/Financial District (1) The Statue of Liberty (2) Ellis Island (3) Castle Clinton (4) Fraunces Tavern (5) Stone Street Historic District (6) India House (7) 20 Exchange Place (8) 55 Wall Street-Merchant Exchange (9) Federal Reserve Building (10) Federal Hall (11) New York Stock Exchange (12) Trinity Church (13) St. Paul's Chapel (14) The Woolworth Building (15) Brooklyn Bridge (16) New York City Hall (17) African Burial Ground { The Statue of Liberty } Make your mark in New York and you are a made man. — Mark Twain A symbol of America's freedom in general and New York City's opportunity in particular, The Statue of Liberty's home is actually part of New Jersey. Lady Liberty, with her flowing gown and impenetrable gaze, was conceived and designed by Frédéric-Auguste Bartholdi after being inspired by the words of French law professor and politician Édouard René de Laboulaye. At a dinner party in 1865, Laboulaye commented that any monument raised to American independence would be a joint venture of both countries. Work began on the statue in 1870; the French financed the figure and America provided the pedestal. Bartholdi completed the head and torch-bearing arm before funding was raised for the rest of the body. The arm and torch were put on display in Madison Square Park from 1876 to 1882, while the head and crown were exhibited at the 1878 Paris World Fair. The full statue was completed and erected in 1886 and was marked by New York's first ticker-tape parade. Closed for years post-September 11 and extensively repaired in 2011, the statue is today a magnet for millions of visitors who flock to Liberty Island to see New York City's most recognizable attraction — even if it is a New Jersey gem. Who Discovered New York? Although Henry Hudson is commonly known as the man who discovered New York, Giovanni da Verrazzano beat him to the punch. The Italian navigator secured a deal with King Francis I to explore the New World on behalf of France. He began his voyage on January 17, 1524, aboard the Delfina, with a mission to expand France's empire and find passages to the Pacific Ocean and Asia. Sailing along the territory's northern coastline, he also hoped to discover waterways to North America's west coast. He reached New York Bay that April and later pushed north to Martha's Vineyard, with a final stop in Rhode Island before heading home. Also looking for a passage to Asia, Englishman Henry Hudson made a similar journey for the Dutch in 1609. Exploring more of the area than his predecessor, and eventually reaching today's Albany, his findings led to Dutch colonization of New Amsterdam and a more memorable place in history. As for Verrazzano, he did return to the New World twice. Unfortunately, the third time wasn't a charm. While exploring the Lesser Antilles, he was ambushed and eaten by cannibals. The VerrazzanoNarrows bridge, connecting Brooklyn to Staten Island, is named in his honor. { Ellis Island } Everywhere