The fish faunas of continental South and Central America constitute one of the greatest concentrations of aquatic diversity on Earth, consisting of about 10 percent of all living vertebrate species. Historical Biogeography of Neotropical Freshwater Fishes explores the evolutionary origins of this unique ecosystem. The chapters address central themes in the study of tropical biodiversity: why is the Amazon basin home to so many distinct evolutionary lineages? What roles do ecological specialization, speciation, and extinction play in the formation of regional assemblages? How do dispersal barriers contribute to isolation and diversification? Focusing on whole faunas rather than individual taxonomic groups, this volume shows that the area’s high regional diversity is not the result of recent diversification in lowland tropical rainforests. Rather, it is the product of species accumulating over tens of millions of years and across a continental arena. “An essential reference for anyone wanting to learn more about the diversity or history of South American fishes.” -- Anne E. Magurran ― Frontiers Of Biogeography Published On: 2011-03-01 “An extremely important new addition to the library of anyone interested into Neotropical freshwater fishes or the Neotropics in general.” ― Systematic Biology Published On: 2012-07-16 “Indispensible for every researcher in this area . . . useful for students to understand the different traits of neotropic evolution.” ― Bulletin Of Fish Biology Published On: 2012-11-07 Full of the details we ichthyologists love, this book will clearly be a standard reference on South American fishes for decades to come. The amazingly detailed glossary alone may well be worth the price of the book! --Peter B. Moyle, author of Inland Fishes of California A major contribution to our understanding of multiple aspects of the Neotropical freshwater fish fauna. The book will be of interest not only to ichthyologists, but also to a broader audience of researchers working on freshwater organisms and general biogeographic patterns. --Richard P. Vari, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution An up-to-date summary of our knowledge of a major continental biodiversity area, that should attract a wide variety of readers."--William Fink, University of Michigan Successfully brings together disparate information and introduces new data and analyses, giving a vast overview of neotropical freshwater fishes. --Brian Crother, Southeastern Louisiana University “Full of the details we ichthyologists love, this book will clearly be a standard reference on South American fishes for decades to come. The amazingly detailed glossary alone may well be worth the price of the book!” --Peter B. Moyle, author of Inland Fishes of California “A major contribution to our understanding of multiple aspects of the Neotropical freshwater fish fauna. The book will be of interest not only to ichthyologists, but also to a broader audience of researchers working on freshwater organisms and general biogeographic patterns.”--Richard P. Vari, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution “An up-to-date summary of our knowledge of a major continental biodiversity area, that should attract a wide variety of readers."--William Fink, University of Michigan “Successfully brings together disparate information and introduces new data and analyses, giving a vast overview of neotropical freshwater fishes.” --Brian Crother, Southeastern Louisiana University James S. Albert is Associate Professor of Biology at the University of Louisiana, Lafayette. Roberto E. Reis is Professor of Biology at the Pontificia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Historical Biogeography of Neotropical Freshwater Fishes By James S. Albert, Roberto E. Reis UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA PRESS Copyright © 2011 the Regents of the University of California All rights reserved. ISBN: 978-0-520-26868-5 Contents CONTRIBUTORS, ix, PREFACE, xi, PART ONE Continental Analysis, 1 Introduction to Neotropical Freshwaters JAMES S. ALBERT AND ROBERTO E. REIS, 3, 2 Major Biogeographic and Phylogenetic Patterns JAMES S. ALBERT, PAULO PETRY, AND ROBERTO E. REIS, 21, 3 Geological Development of Amazon and Orinoco Basins FRANK P. WESSELINGH AND CARINA HOORN, 59, 4 The Paraná-Paraguay Basin: Geology and Paleoenvironments MARIANA BREA AND ALEJANDRO F. ZUCOL, 69, 5 Species Richness and Cladal Diversity JAMES S. ALBERT, HENRY J. BART, JR., AND ROBERTO E. REIS, 89, 6 Paleogene Radiations HERNÁN LÓPEZ-FERNÁNDEZ AND JAMES S. ALBERT, 105, 7 Neogene Assembly of Modern Faunas JAMES S. ALBERT AND TIAGO P. CARVALHO, 119, 8 The Biogeography of Marine Incursions in South America DEVIN D. BLOOM AND NATHAN R. LOVEJOY, 137, 9 Continental-Scale Tectonic Controls of Biogeography and Ecology FLÁVIO C. T. LIMA AND ALEXANDRE C. RIBEIRO, 145, 10 An Ecological Perspective on Diversity and Distributions WILLIAM G. R. CRAMPTON,