The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), a specialized agency of the United Nations, plays a pivotal role in the global aviation landscape, particularly in the realm of safety. Established in 1944, ICAO's primary purpose is to promote the safe and orderly development of international civil aviation. tI achieves this by setting international standards and regulations that member states are encouraged to adopt, thereby creating a uniform framework for aviation operations worldwide. This framework is essential for aviation safety managers, as adherence to ICAO standards directly impacts the safety and efficiency of aviation operations. ICAO's influence extends to the establishment of Annex 13, which specifically addresses the investigation of aircraft accidents and incidents. This annex provides guidelines that not only facilitate thorough investigations but also emphasize the importance of learning from these events to enhance overall safety. Aviation safety managers must be well-versed in the principles outlined in Annex 13, as they serve to guide the development of effective safety management systems (SMS) and inform risk assessment and mitigation strategies. By aligning organizational practices with ICAO's standards, safety managers can foster a proactive safety culture within their organizations.