This two-volume set LNCS 12131 and LNCS 12132 constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Image Analysis and Recognition, ICIAR 2020, held in Póvoa de Varzim, Portugal, in June 2020. The 54 full papers presented together with 15 short papers were carefully reviewed and selected from 123 submissions. The papers are organized in the following topical sections: image processing and analysis; video analysis; computer vision; 3D computer vision; machine learning; medical image and analysis; analysis of histopathology images; diagnosis and screening of ophthalmic diseases; and grand challenge on automatic lung cancer patient management. Due to the corona pandemic, ICIAR 2020 was held virtually only.