Regarding India's Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), it is evident that the first six goals fall under the broad purview of social sector development, which puts concerted efforts towards: (Goal 1) poverty alleviation and hunger reduction * (Goal 2) universalization of primary education * (Goal 3) women empowerment * (Goal 4, 5, and 6) health sector development. Keeping in mind that less than three years remain to reach the MDG-deadline of 2015, this book views the recent dynamics of India's social sector through the 'MDG-lens' and focuses on the strategies adopted so far to address poverty, food security, primary education, women's empowerment, and primary health care. Exploring the emerging issues and challenges of the social sector, the book suggests some comprehensive measures which will be instrumental in future policy formulation to ensure a sustainable growth in the social sector and intensify the country's efforts towards its MDG-commitments.