The propagation of signals through the nervous system depends on rapid changes in electric potential across cell membranes. These changes are mediated by ion channels―macromolecular pores that facilitate the passage of specific ions (e.g., K+ or Na+) through cell membranes in response to various signals. Defects in ion channels can lead to diseases such as epilepsy. This laboratory manual provides state-of-the-art techniques for investigating ion channel properties and activity, particularly in the nervous system. Contributors present electrophysiological methods to examine single-channel activity in cultured cells, to study synaptic plasticity and circuit dynamics in brain slice preparations, and to perform whole-cell recordings in awake―and even freely moving―animals. The use of optogenetic tools to study synapses or small networks in organotypic slice cultures is also covered. Many of the experimental setups described can be adapted for other ion channels, cell types, or systems. The manual includes background on the structure, function, and regulation of different voltage- and ligand-gated ion channels. Therefore, it is a useful resource for all cell biologists and neuroscientists seeking to further understand the complex roles of ion channels in normal physiology and disease. "The book...is an extremely useful guide for the study of ion channels. This volume is well written and describes in appropriate detail protocols to study diverse ion channel types in various contexts.... The protocols, including troubleshooting guides, will be an invaluable resource for initiating techniques in a research laboratory. The manual would also be a fantastic basis for a laboratory class for advanced undergraduates or graduate students." --The Quarterly Review of Biology Paul J. Kammermeier is Associate Professor in the Department of Pharmacology and Physiology at the University of Rochester Medical Center.