Judges play a critical role in the development, enforcement and compliance with environmental law. To showcase the role of the judiciary in upholding the rule of law, IUCN organized a “Judiciary Day” at its 2004 World Conservation Congress in Bangkok. This publication contains papers and speeches covering some of the cutting-edge themes that were discussed. It is hoped that these proceedings will enable a wide community of readers to better understand the crucial role of the judiciary in achieving the goals of sustainable development and nature conservation.