A classic and essential text for designers since 2009, Layout Essentials: 100 Design Principles for Using Grids just got better with a fresh exploration of its design principles, updated text, and new photos and international graphics. Grids are the basis for all design projects, and learning how to work with them is fundamental for all graphic designers. From working with multi-column formats to using type, color, images, and more,  Layout Essentials not only demonstrates, using real world examples, how to use grids effectively, but shows you how to break the rules to use them effectively, too. This revised and updated version of  Layout Essentials  is your one-stop reference and resource for all layout design projects. Beth Tondreau is the founder and principal of BTD, a small design firm that works with publishers to design books and book jackets and small businesses to develop their identities. She currently teaches in the Communication Design Department of New York City College of Technology in New York. Tondreau has been involved as a mentor in the AIGA/NY Mentoring Program and has served on the board of directors of AIGA/NYC.  Layout Essentials 100 Design Principles for Using Grids By Beth Tondreau The Quarto Group Copyright © 2019 Quarto Publishing Group USA Inc. All rights reserved. ISBN: 978-1-63159-631-5 Contents Introduction, 8, GETTING STARTED, Elements of a Grid, 10, Basic Grid Diagrams, 11, Determine the Appropriate Grid, 12, Formatting Text, 13, Hierarchy of Information, 14, Grid and Image, 15, Combining Grid, Type, and Image, 16, Color, 17, Space, 18, Rhythm and Flow, 19, GRIDS AT WORK, Single column, 22, Two column, 28, Three column, 42, Multicolumn, 52, Modular, 62, Tables, Charts, and Infographics, 72, Color as Key Component, 82, Color as Organizing Element, 90, Horizontal Hierarchy, 102, Type and Grids, 112, Dense Information, 122, Breathing Space, 134, Imperceptible Grid, 140, Organic Shapes, 148, Swiss Grid, 156, Grid, Disrupted, 166, Grid, Refashioned, 174, Layered Grid, 180, Grids and Motion, 186, Breaking the Grid, 194, Glossary, 202, Recommended Reading and Listening, 203, Contributors, 204, Quick Start Guide, 206, Acknowledgments, 208, CHAPTER 1 GETTING STARTED ELEMENTS OF A GRID 1. Know the Components The main components of a grid are margins, columns, markers, flowlines, spatial zones, and modules. Starting a new project can be hard. Begin with your content, then set up your margins and columns. You'll need to make adjustments. Just start. COLUMNS [A] are vertical containers that hold type or images. The width and number of columns on a page or screen can vary, depending on the content. MODULES [B] are individual divisions separated by consistent space, providing a repeating, ordered grid. Combining modules can create columns and rows of varying sizes. MARGINS [C] are buffer zones. They represent the amount of space between the trim size, including gutter, and the page content. Margins can also house secondary information, such as notes and captions. SPATIAL ZONES [D] are groups of modules or columns that can form specific areas for type, ads, images, or other information. FLOWLINES [E] are alignments that break space into horizontal bands. Not actual lines, flowlines are a method for using space and elements to guide a reader across a page. MARKERS [X] help a reader navigate a document. Indicating placement for material that appears in the same location, markers include page numbers, running heads and feet (headers and footers), and icons. BASIC GRID DIAGRAMS 2. Learn the Basic Structures Although the diagrams below show common structures, there are additional variations on the basic configurations. The multicolumn grids of newspapers and their sites extend beyond three columns to five or more. A SINGLE-COLUMN GRID is generally used for continuous running text, such as essays, reports, or books. The block of text is the main feature on the page, spread, or device screen. A TWO-COLUMN GRID can be used to control a lot of text or to present different kinds of information in separate columns. A double- column grid can be arranged with columns of equal or unequal width. In ideal proportions, when one column is wider than the other, the wider column is double the width of the narrow column. MULTICOLUMN GRIDS afford greater flexibility than single- or two-column grids, combine multiple columns of varying widths and are useful for magazines and websites. MODULAR GRIDS are best for controlling the kind of complex information seen in newspapers, calendars, charts, and tables. They combine vertical and horizontal columns, which arrange the structure into smaller chunks of space. HIERARCHICAL GRIDS break the page into zones. Many hierarchical grids are composed of horizontal columns. Some magazines organize contents pages horizontally. L For ease and efficiency, many devices break material into hori