This book is about the “losers” of the Meiji Restoration and the supporters who promoted their legacy. Although the violence of the Meiji Restoration is typically downplayed, the trauma was real, and those who felt marginalized from the mainstream throughout modern Japan looked to these losers as models of action. Using a wide range of sources, from essays by former Tokugawa supporters like Fukuzawa Yukichi to postwar film and “lost decade” manga , Michael Wert traces the shifting portrayals of Restoration losers. By highlighting the overlooked sites of memory such as legends about buried gold, the awarding of posthumous court rank, or fighting over a disembodied head, Wert illustrates how the process of commemoration and rehabilitation allows individuals a voice in the formation of national history. He argues that the commingling of local memory activists and nationally-known politicians, academics, writers, and treasure hunters formed interconnecting memory landscapes that promoted local figures as potential heroes in modern Japan. “Michael Wert offers a highly readable study of the complex policies of regional memory in modern Japan.” ― Journal of Asian Studies “ Meiji Restoration Losers is essential reading for historians of the Makumatsu or Restoration eras, and highly recommended for any scholars with an interest in modern Japanese historiography.” ― Pacific Affairs “A fresh historical approach from a new generation.” ― Mainichi Shimbun “A book, brimming with ambition, that takes a big first step toward understanding ‘Japan’ from a different angle.” ― Yomiyori Shimbun Michael Wert is Associate Professor of East Asian History at Marquette University.