From Rush Limbaugh and Sean Hannity to Glenn Beck and Matt Drudge, Americans are accustomed to thinking of right-wing media as integral to contemporary conservatism. But today's well-known personalities make up the second generation of broadcasting and publishing activists. Messengers of the Right tells the story of the little-known first generation. Beginning in the late 1940s, activists working in media emerged as leaders of the American conservative movement. They not only started an array of enterprises—publishing houses, radio programs, magazines, book clubs, television shows—they also built the movement. They coordinated rallies, founded organizations, ran political campaigns, and mobilized voters. While these media activists disagreed profoundly on tactics and strategy, they shared a belief that political change stemmed not just from ideas but from spreading those ideas through openly ideological communications channels. In Messengers of the Right , Nicole Hemmer explains how conservative media became the institutional and organizational nexus of the conservative movement, transforming audiences into activists and activists into a reliable voting base. Hemmer also explores how the idea of liberal media bias emerged, why conservatives have been more successful at media activism than liberals, and how the right remade both the Republican Party and American news media. Messengers of the Right follows broadcaster Clarence Manion, book publisher Henry Regnery, and magazine publisher William Rusher as they evolved from frustrated outsiders in search of a platform into leaders of one of the most significant and successful political movements of the twentieth century. "Nicole Hemmer's well-researched and well-argued book Messengers of the Right . . . [emphasizes] the contributions of three 'media activists' who helped give coherence to the midcentury right: the radio host and political organizer Clarence Manion, the book publisher Henry Regnery, and the longtime National Review publisher William A. Rusher. Hemmer convincingly shows how all three helped pioneer the ideologically charged conservative media of our own time." ― The New York Review of Books "In recent decades, American politics has been transformed by the explosion of right-wing media outlets-from Rush Limbaugh and talk radio to Roger Ailes and Fox News to countless publishing imprints, websites, and little magazines. With Messengers of the Right , historian Nicole Hemmer has written the single best book to date about the roots and growth of the ideas and networks underneath it all. Deeply researched, subtly argued, and lucidly and often humorously written, this first-rate work of scholarship instantly joins the must-read list for any student of the history of conservatism, the history of modern media, or indeed the history of the polarized political culture in which we find ourselves today." ― David Greenberg, author of Republic of Spin: An Inside History of the American Presidency "Read Nicole Hemmer's superb new book, and you'll never see 'liberal mainstream media' in the same way again. With rigorous research and sparkling prose, Messengers of the Right tells the fascinating stories of the people whose core convictions and communications artistry helped create modern conservatism. This is political history-and American history-at its finest." ― Margaret O'Mara, University of Washington Nicole Hemmer is Assistant Professor of Presidential Studies at the University of Virginia's Miller Center. Preface "My project this summer is to get you to vote for George Bush." My father's declaration, made one June day in 2004 as we were driving into town, did not surprise me. I was back in Indiana for my annual visit, and my dad and I had spent every day since my arrival wrangling over American politics: the war in Iraq, the marriage equality referenda, the impending election. Raised conservative, I had slowly slid to the left as my dad drifted further right. But that divergence ended up drawing us closer together. Political debate became the secret language of our relationship, the way we conveyed love, respect, disagreement, and admiration. So there was nothing extraordinary about an afternoon spent debating politics. Yet I remember every contour of that particular conversation—the conviction in my dad's voice, the soft hum of traffic, the breeze stirring the Ohio Valley's stagnant summer air—because of what he did next. He turned on the radio. Our conversation was replaced with the sound of the Rush Limbaugh Show , and then the Sean Hannity Show . Wherever we went that summer, the radio offered up a steady stream of conservative talk. I found it both grating and captivating, a heady mix of personality and passion and politics. During ad breaks we feasted on each segment's arguments and insights, dissecting the surprisingly wide variety of philosophies and logics (and illogics) at play. In addition to engaging from my own adve