Michael Strogoff: The Courier of the Czar (Jules Verne) Michael Strogoff: The Courier of the Czar (French: Michel Strogoff) is a novel written by Jules Verne in 1876. Critics, including Leonard S. Davidow, consider it one of Verne's best books. Davidow wrote, "Jules Verne has written no better book than this, in fact it is deservedly ranked as one of the most thrilling tales ever written." Unlike some of Verne's other novels, it is not science fiction, but a scientific phenomenon (Leidenfrost effect) is a plot device. - The book was later adapted to a play, by Verne himself and Adolphe d'Ennery. Incidental music to the play was written by Alexandre Artus in 1880. The book has been adapted several times for films, television and cartoon series.Michael Strogoff, a 30-year-old native of Omsk, is a courier for Tsar Alexander II of Russia. The Tartar Khan (prince), Feofar Khan, incites a rebellion and separates the Russian Far East from the mainland, severing telegraph lines. Rebels encircle Irkutsk, where the local governor, a brother of the Tsar, is making a last stand. Strogoff is sent to Irkutsk to warn the governor about the traitor Ivan Ogareff, a former colonel, who was once demoted and exiled and now seeks revenge against the imperial family. He intends to gain the governor's trust and then betray him to the Tartar hordes. - On his way to Irkutsk, Strogoff meets Nadia Fedor, daughter of an exiled political prisoner, Basil Fedor, who has been granted permission to join her father at his exile in Irkutsk, the English war correspondent Harry Blount of the Daily Telegraph and Alcide Jolivet, a Frenchman reporting for his 'cousin Madeleine'. Blount and Jolivet tend to follow the same route as Michael, separating and meeting again all the way through Siberia. He is supposed to travel under a false identity, posing as the pacific merchant Nicolas Korpanoff but he is discovered by the Tartars when he meets his mother in their home city of Omsk.Michael, his mother and Nadia are eventually captured by the Tartar forces, along with thousands of other Russians, during the storming of a city in the Ob basin. - The tartars do not know Strogoff by sight, but Ogareff is aware of the courier's mission and when he is told that Strogoff's mother spotted her son in the crowd and called his name, but received no reply, he understands that Strogoff is among the captured and devises a scheme to force the mother to indicate him. Strogoff is indeed caught and handed over to the Tartars, and Ogareff alleges that Michael is a spy, hoping to have him put to death in some cruel way. Paul Verlaine est un écrivain et poète français né à Metz (Moselle) le 30 mars 18444 et mort à Paris le 8 janvier 18965. Il s'essaie à la poésie et publie son premier recueil, Poèmes saturniens en 1866, à 22 ans. Il épouse en 1870 Mathilde Mauté. Le couple aura un enfant, Georges Verlaine. Sa vie est bouleversée quand il rencontre Arthur Rimbaud en septembre 1871. Leur vie amoureuse tumultueuse et errante en Angleterre et en Belgique débouche sur la scène violente où, à Bruxelles, Verlaine, d'un coup de revolver, blesse au poignet celui qu'il appelle son « époux infernal » : jugé et condamné, il passe deux années en prison, renouant avec le catholicisme de son enfance et écrivant des poèmes qui prendront place dans ses recueils suivants : Sagesse (1880), Jadis et Naguère (1884) et Parallèlement (1889). Usé par l'alcool et la maladie, Verlaine meurt à 51 ans, le 8 janvier 1896, d'une pneumonie aiguë. Il est inhumé à Paris au cimetière des Batignolles (11e division). Archétype du poète maudit (notion qu'il a lui-même forgée dans son essai de 1884 et 1888), Verlaine est reconnu comme un maître par la génération suivante. Son style -- fait de musicalité et de fluidité jouant avec les rythmes impairs -- et la tonalité de nombre de ses poèmes -- associant mélancolie et clairs-obscurs -- révèlent, au-delà de l'apparente simplicité formelle, une profonde sensibilité, en résonance avec l'inspiration de certains artistes contemporains, des peintres impressionnistes ou des compositeurs (tels Reynaldo Hahn, Gabriel Fauré, Charles Koechlin et Claude Debussy, qui mettront d'ailleurs en musique plusieurs de ses poèmes).