Mississippi Heroes: White Champions of Racial Justice, 1954-1974

$24.45
by Charles Dollar

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Between 1954-1974 hundreds of courageous Black individuals in Mississippi defied intimidation, police arrests, violence, and death to gain justice and equality in the courts, in education, job opportunities, and the right to vote. A very small minority of White Mississippians supported their efforts by championing racial justice and equality in the courts, in educational opportunity, in job opportunities, and the right to vote. There was a much larger silent minority who, for a variety of reasons, did not publicly articulate their views on equality and racial justice for Black Mississippians. In many instances, connections with family, church, business, profession, and organization combined with the coercion of the Sovereignty Commission, intimidation and threats from the Ku Klux Klan, meant that public discourse exposed them and their families to substantial risks. Undeterred by these pressures and threats, this minority persevered in championing racial justice for Black Mississippians. This book hails this minority as Mississippi Heroes. It is inspired in part by the book M ississippi Heroes , edited by Dean Faulkner and Hunter Cole, and published in 1980 by the University Press of Mississippi. It consists of scholarly essays about ten Mississippi heroes who contributed to the state's identity. They define a Mississippi hero as an individual whose contribution was marked by "a kind of religious conviction, qualities of leadership, charisma, and aura" that differentiates them from ordinary people. Although they specify "hero" is generic for both genders, no women and only one Black, Medgar Evers, are included. In contrast, this book reflects the current focus of civil rights scholarship on ordinary White Mississippians whose support for racial justice in the 1950s helped unleash forces that produced momentous social and political changes in Mississippi. These White champions of racial justice and equality for Black Mississippians were considered traitors whose activities would destroy the Mississippi way of life. Undeterred by estrangement from friends and family, social and financial pressure to recant, and intimidation through threats of violence, they stayed the course and merit recognition as Mississippi Heroes. This manuscript presents a deeply researched and engagingly written account of a sometimes-overlooked dimension of the civil rights struggle in Mississippi: the role played by white Mississippians who, despite social, political, and physical threats, publicly advocated for racial justice and equality during the turbulent decades between the Supreme Court's Brown v. Board of Education decision in 1954 and the post-civil rights era of the mid-1970s. The book's major contribution lies in its recovery of 58 figures-attorneys, clergy, businesspeople, journalists, professors, public officials, and activists-who risked much to support Black Mississippians' pursuit of full citizenship. Some of these people are well-known, while others will not be familiar, even to those readers who are well versed in Mississippi history. In sum, Mississippi Heroes is a valuable work of public history. Let me say once more that I am very favorably impressed by the work Dollar has done. Dr. Trent Brown Professor of American Studies Missouri University of Science and Technology Charles Dollar's "Mississippi Heroes" provides an extensive collection of short biographies of white Mississippians who refused to go along with white supremacy and the Citizens' Council. This reads like a labor of love by a man who admires the people he writes about. There's nothing wrong with that and those of us interested in this history owe him thanks for the work he has done to make it easier to learn about many of these people. Though I have studied the Mississippi Movement for more than 30 years, some of the names were new to me. Others, including William Higgs, Father Machesky, Frank Smith, Jane Schutt, and Winifred Green," were people I had long wanted to know more about. Emilye Crosby Professor of History SUNY at Geneseo Born in Memphis, Tennessee, Charles Dollar holds a BA degree from Union University and a PhD degree in history from the University of Kentucky. He was a faculty member at Oklahoma State University and the University of British Columbia and is co-author of three books on American History and is author of two books on archives theory and practice. Dollar joined the staff of the National Archives of the United States in 1974 to lead an archives preservation program of electronic records. He played a major leadershiprole in early efforts of the Society of American Archivists and the International Council on Archives to address the challenges of electronic records. He served for more than a decade on a technical committee of the International Organization for Standards (ISO). Recognition for his contributions to the field of records and information management include the Company of AIIM Fellows, Fellow of the Society of

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