Executive Summary Mob violence in Bangladesh has intensified since mid‑2024, shifting from sporadic incidents to a systemic threat to governance and social stability. Political volatility, institutional fragility, and the rapid spread of digital misinformation allow rumors to escalate into collective punishment within minutes. These dynamics erode the rule of law, deepen polarization, and turn mob violence into a structural vulnerability that undermines democratic norms and public trust. This book analyzes the phenomenon through historical, sociological, and policy lenses, drawing on eighty‑two documented cases across ten thematic clusters: attacks on national symbols, assaults on state authority, targeting of Liberation War legacy, violence against journalists and media institutions, intellectuals and civil society, gendered aggression, communal riots, shrine vandalism, suppression of Baul culture, ordinary citizens in public spaces, and religious vigilantism. Each case synthesizes triggers, escalation patterns, outcomes, and lessons, supported by verified sources including The Daily Star, HRSS, Human Rights Watch, and OHCHR. Across these cases, three drivers consistently emerge: rumor velocity outpacing verification, performative violence amplified by social media, and declining trust in due process. Key findings show that misinformation converts suspicion into certainty almost instantly, while dense public spaces lack containment protocols and delayed institutional response emboldens vigilante action. Vulnerable groups—minorities, women, intellectuals, and cultural practitioners—face heightened risk during political or religious volatility. The economic, social, and psychological consequences are severe, weakening governance structures and eroding public confidence. Mob violence is therefore not merely a law‑and‑order issue but a multidimensional governance challenge. Addressing these risks requires more than punitive measures; it demands infrastructural and communicative reforms that reshape how communities and institutions respond to rumor‑driven threats. Recommended strategies include rapid verification systems to counter misinformation, safe‑extraction mechanisms for at‑risk individuals, interfaith dialogue platforms to reduce symbolic weaponization, legal reforms targeting organized vigilantism, and survivor‑centered recovery programs. These interventions must be sequenced, adequately resourced, and monitored through transparent metrics to rebuild trust. Mob violence has thus evolved into a structural threat. The convergence of political instability, institutional fragility, and digital misinformation enables rumors to trigger collective punishment within minutes, disproportionately targeting minorities, women, and cultural practitioners. Without decisive intervention, these patterns risk undermining democratic norms and the rule of law. This book offers a roadmap combining legal reform, technology, and civic education to restore trust, protect pluralism, and prevent rumor‑driven violence. Aligning institutional capacity with community resilience and digital governance can break the cycle of impunity and promote rights‑based dispute resolution. A multi‑pronged strategy is essential. Immediate priorities include strengthening the rule of law through fast‑track courts and police reforms, implementing digital governance measures to curb misinformation, and launching nationwide education campaigns on media literacy and conflict resolution. Longer‑term measures include community peace committees, interfaith dialogue platforms, anti‑lynching legislation, and victim compensation programs. These interventions must be adequately resourced and consistently monitored to prevent rumor‑driven violence and restore public confidence.