2022 PROSE Award Finalist in Architecture and Urban Planning 2022 Association for Latin American Art Arvey Foundation Book Award, Honorable Mention Throughout the early twentieth century, waves of migration brought working-class people to the outskirts of Buenos Aires. This prompted a dilemma: Where should these restive populations be situated relative to the city’s spatial politics? Might housing serve as a tool to discipline their behavior? Enter Antonio Bonet, a Catalan architect inspired by the transatlantic modernist and surrealist movements. Ana María León follows Bonet's decades-long, state-backed quest to house Buenos Aires's diverse and fractious population. Working with totalitarian and populist regimes, Bonet developed three large-scale housing plans, each scuttled as a new government took over. Yet these incomplete plans—Bonet's dreams—teach us much about the relationship between modernism and state power. Modernity for the Masses finds in Bonet's projects the disconnect between modern architecture’s discourse of emancipation and the reality of its rationalizing control. Although he and his patrons constantly glorified the people and depicted them in housing plans, Bonet never consulted them. Instead he succumbed to official and elite fears of the people's latent political power. In careful readings of Bonet's work, León discovers the progressive erasure of surrealism's psychological sensitivity, replaced with an impulse, realized in modernist design, to contain the increasingly empowered population. León’s meticulous reading of [Antonio Bonet's] work in its architectural, political, and philosophical contexts underscores both the creativity and contradictions of trans-Atlantic modernities…Recommended. ― CHOICE Published On: 2022-03-01 A major contribution to the history of modern architecture in the Americas. ― Latin American and Latinx Visual Culture Published On: 2022-04-01 While Modernity for the Masses is indeed anchored by Bonet’s architectural designs, León is careful to paint a full picture of the vast, complex cultural and political context from which they emerged... Modernity for the Masses is instructive in the way it clearly distinguishes between architectural aspirations and the actual (or potential) impact a building has in the world. With a keen, skeptical eye, León shows what comes of form when it mixes with structural and systemic forces. Try as architects might, they will never control the conditions in which their designs are built, nor those by which their creations are received. ― The Architect's Newspaper Published On: 2022-06-09 [A] fascinating study...León extracts surprisingly revelatory insights...León’s analysis illuminates both the transnational history of modernist architecture and the twists and turns of Argentine politics in the middle decades of the twentieth century...The book raises provocative new questions about the role of transnational modernism in Argentina and about the efforts of governments and architects to house—and to control—the masses. ― The Americas Published On: 2022-07-15 Modernity for the Masses is thoroughly researched and beautifully written and edited. This is an evocative history, rich in intriguing crossings between Buenos Aires, Barcelona, Paris, and other cities. It will surely interest historians of architecture and historians of Latin America...León offers a rich account of the architectural field and the larger context in which architecture is conceived, consumed, and understood. ― H-LatAm Published On: 2022-09-15 [A] valuable contribution to architectural history and Latin American studies...Focused on the intersection of spatial politics and the politics of the Argentine state through the lens of Catalan architect Antonio Bonet, León reveals the intertwined histories of modern architecture and statecraft through an analysis of mass housing... Modernity for the Masses strikes a balance between the detail of a single architect and the broader social and cultural context within which he worked, offering a clear representation of how Bonet was both a product and a creator of the architectural milieu of his time. ― caa.reviews Published On: 2022-02-25 Modernity for the Masses makes a significant contribution to the history of modernist architecture and urban planning and to the history of modernist architecture’s connection with politics, ideology, and state-led modernizing projects in Latin America. Leo´ n achieves this via an interdisciplinary scope that connects architecture, art, literature, and psychoanalysis. For those interested in the history of the circulation of architectural and urban planning ideas, the book’s decolonial theoretical framework will also pose new questions about the role of experts and their dreams for modernity for the masses. ― Hispanic American Historical Review Published On: 2023-08-07 León’s book offers us a profound history of the illusory promises entwined in political and ar