Foreword by  Paul Farmer, MD, PhD , Maude and Lillian Presley Professor of Social Medicine and Chair, Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, and Cofounder of Partners In Health On the rainy night of August 11, 1979, a mud-splattered jeep slowed to a halt by the shores of a vast man-made lake in western India. Stepping from the vehicle, an exhausted government engineer was shocked to find the lake empty after ten days of torrential monsoon showers. The two-mile-long Machhu Dam-II had washed away, sending its reservoir careening toward the industrial city of Morbi. One of history's deadliest flash floods had just taken place. No One Had a Tongue to Speak  tells, for the first time, the epic and heartrending story of the Machhu dam disaster. The seeds of the tragedy are planted as Indian politicians, swept up in the heady optimism of their country's newfound independence, mandate a slew of dam-construction projects. Massive earthworks rise and vast reservoirs accumulate, but the rapid clip of development outpaces the skill of the engineers behind it. When the Machhu Dam-II gives way after days of incessant rains, residents of the downstream river valley are plunged into a watery hell. Their lives are torn to pieces in an instant. Up to 25,000 perish, though the disaster's true human toll is not known. As survivors grapple with the flood's aftereffects, a long and fateful quest to determine responsibility for the dam's failure ensues. In the three decades since muddy floodwaters surged through the Machhu River Valley, the disaster has faded from collective memory.  No One Had a Tongue to Speak  revives it in striking form, weaving together stories from 148 interviews and extensive archival research. From the rooftops where survivors struggled amid the raging floodwaters to the courthouse chambers where lawyers searched for answers in the flood's aftermath, this book presents the disaster in the words of those who lived through it. Grounded in meticulous historical research, this eye-opening account of the Machhu dam disaster nonetheless unfolds like a novel as it recounts a historic human tragedy and paints a vivid portrait of an India torn between its feudal past and its industrial future.  No One Had a Tongue to Speak  attests not only to human error and neglect, but also to the compelling urge to survive, rebuild, and fight for justice. The authors graduated from Harvard University in 2008 with degrees in social studies. Utpal Sandesara , the son of a Machhu flood survivor, is pursuing doctoral degrees in medicine and social anthropology at the University of Pennsylvania. Tom Wooten lives in New Orleans, where he teaches writing and researches the recovery from Hurricane Katrina. No One Had a Tongue to Speak The Untold Story of One of History's Deadliest Floods By Utpal Sandesara Tom Wooten Prometheus Books Copyright © 2011 Utpal Sandesara and Tom Wooten All right reserved. ISBN: 978-1-61614-431-9 Contents Major Characters...................................................................xvForeword by Dr. Paul Farmer........................................................xixAcknowledgments....................................................................xxviiA Note to the Reader...............................................................xxxiPrologue: "A Vaniyan of Morbi Goes to the Machhu's Waters".........................1Chapter 1: On the Banks of the Machhu River........................................5Chapter 2: "The Government Decides, and the Government Builds".....................37Chapter 3: "This Monsoon Descends".................................................71Chapter 4: "Something out of the Ordinary".........................................109Chapter 5: "Not a Single Brick Will Survive".......................................115Chapter 6: "Even the Pests Were Dead"..............................................147Chapter 7: "They Would Work and Cry, Cry and Work".................................177Chapter 8: "Everyone Was a Beggar".................................................207Chapter 9: "But Courage and Strength Remain".......................................235Chapter 10: "Justice Was Not Done".................................................271Epilogue: "Can Any Page of History Be Forgotten?"..................................305Resources..........................................................................319Notes..............................................................................319Bibliography.......................................................................371Newspapers.........................................................................384Archives...........................................................................385Interviews.........................................................................386Index..............................................................................393