A sweeping historical survey of Orthodox Christianity and Islam in the Middle East, from the 7th to the 16th centuries. This in-depth study explores the complex relationship between Orthodox Christian communities and the rise of Islam in Greater Syria, Palestine, and Egypt. Discover a nuanced portrayal of conflict and coexistence, challenging simplistic narratives of conquest and intolerance. Constantin Panchenko delves into the interplay of Greek cultural heritage and increasing Arabization, revealing the multifaceted identity of Middle Eastern Orthodox Christians. This book is perfect for: Academics and students of religious history - Those interested in Middle Eastern studies - Readers seeking a deeper understanding of cultural interactions and religious dynamics Uncover previously unpublished primary sources and archaeological evidence, offering fresh perspectives on this vital but little-known spiritual and political culture. Will the Orthodox communities survive the ever-changing political landscape? PRAISE FOR ARAB ORTHODOX CHRISTIANS "An excellent work that offers a first-rate introduction to the main themes and sources of Orthodox Christianity in the early modern period...Panchenko has written a masterful, exhaustive study of the life of Arab Orthodox Christians..." —John-Paul A. Ghobrial, Department of History, Balliol College, University of Oxford "a must-read for all who love the Antiochian church...Knowledge brings understanding and wisdom." —James Babcock, Editor-in-Chief, SOPHIA "... the current contribution by Constantin Panchenko deserves a wide readership." —Heleen Murre-van den Berg, Director of the Institute for Eastern Christianity, Radboud University Samuel Noble is a doctoral researcher at the Faculty of Theology and Religion Studies at the Louvain Centre for Eastern and Oriental Christianity at KU, Leuven in Belgium. He is the co-editor of The Orthodox Church in the Arab World: An Anthology of Sources, 700-1700 (Northern Illinois University Press, 2014) and co-translator of Arab Orthodox Christians under the Ottomans: 1516-1831  (Holy Trinity Seminary Press, 2016). Brittany Pheiffer Noble holds an M.A. in Religion from Yale University School of Divinity and a doctorate in Russian Literature from Columbia University, New York. She is the co-translator with Samuel Noble of Arab Orthodox under the Ottomans: 1518-1831 (Holy Trinity Seminary Press, 2016). Constantin A. Panchenko is an Associate Professor, Department of Middle and Near East History, Institute of Asian and African Studies, at the Lomonosov Moscow State University. He is the author of Arab Orthodox Christians under the Ottomans: 1516-1831 (Holy Trinity Seminary Press,2016) as well as numerous academic publications, including two monographs, collections of essays, articles and abstracts on the history of the Middle East. His major sphere of interest is the history of the Christian Arabs, particularly the Middle Eastern Greek Orthodox community in the Middle Ages and Early Modern period.