PROFILE of COURAGE: Eritrean struggle against Italian colonialism and fascism is the story of Eritreans who challenged Italy during its brief stay in Eritrea between 1890 to 1940. In this period, many ascaris abandoned their military post to join the Ethiopian resistance force fighting the occupying power unceasingly for a period of five years. Few worked as spies on behalf of the Resistance while a couple distinct themselves as diplomats countering Italian narration in the international forum. The conflicting view of the Eritreans on Italian colonialism was apparent where many served as part of the colonial army doing the bidding of Italy while some in particular the heads of the enda opposed its presence vehemently. During the colonial rule of the territory, almost a third of the able bodied persons took part in the Italian adventures in Africa while few viewed Italian machination to colonize them as anathema. Their opposition to European interreference in their lives was expressed in military confrontation sometimes sustaining heavy loses. The book also deals with the political role that these elements played during the United Nations deliberation on the disposal of the former Italian colonies namely Eritrea, Somalia and Libya. The active involvement of the ex-ascaris turned into resistance fighters affected the outcome of the international and regional debate which lingered to present day Eritrea.