An introduction to Pakistan's ISI, which has been both an essential ally and problematic partner of the United States Forged during the tumultuous aftermath of Partition in 1947, the Inter-Services Intelligence Directorate (ISI) has grown to become the preeminent intelligence service in Pakistan. Its capabilities are comprehensive, its remit covers both foreign and domestic intelligence, and it is one of the most feared and respected agencies of the Global South. Pakistan's ISI provides an up-to-date and detailed introduction to the ISI and its historical evolution. The narrative is rooted in a deep and wide-ranging contextualization of the state of Pakistan and its security environment. The story is one of an agency that grew from humble beginnings into an extremely capable and robust force at the heart of power in the state. The ISI utilizes broad human intelligence networks and employs covert action and support for militants, particularly in its rivalry with India. As a crucial intelligence partner for the West during the Cold War and into the contemporary era, the ISI has been both an essential ally and problematic partner. The shadow of this agency continues to loom over Pakistan's democratic institutions. This book will appeal to students, scholars, and general readers interested in intelligence and the politics and history of South Asia. "Pakistan is the most dangerous country in the world and the ISI is the most dangerous organization in Pakistan. This insightful book takes you deep inside the culture and leadership of the ISI, which has been both America's ally and its enemy."―Bruce Riedel, served in the CIA for thirty years "This book allows readers to comprehend one of the third world's most mysterious and compelling intelligence organizations. In a clear and easy-to-follow manner, the author develops and provides, through his years of experience and research, the impending and historical influences on Pakistan's intelligence operations. It is a captivating story of the men who created this organization and the activities and operations they used to seek independence from any superpower nation's ideology."―Jan Goldman, editor-in-chief, International Journal of Intelligence and CounterIntelligence "[R]ichards is careful to point out where speculation had to be introduced. Pakistan's ISI is an excellent introduction to the ISI and a major contribution to the literature of intelligence."― Studies in Intelligence Julian Richards is a professor of politics and security studies at the University of Buckingham, director of its Centre for Security and Intelligence Studies, and Dean of the School of Humanities and Social Sciences. He is an expert on political violence in Pakistan and intelligence, and he was formerly a senior manager in the United Kingdom's intelligence community. He is the author of four books, including The Art & Science of Intelligence Analysis (2010).