A logo on products ranging from chopsticks and toilet paper to cell phones and automobiles, the panda is one of the most ubiquitous images in China and throughout the world. Yet the panda holds little notable historical significance in China. Although it has existed in the territory of present-day China since the Pliocene epoch, its widespread popularity there is not only recent, but almost sudden. In Panda Nation, E. Elena Songster links the emergence of the giant panda as a national symbol to the development of nature protection in the People's Republic of China. The panda's transformation into a national treasure exemplifies China's efforts in the mid-twentieth century to distinguish itself as a nation through government-directed science and popular nationalism. The story of the panda's iconic rise offers a striking reflection of China's recent and dramatic ascent as a nation in global status. "Songster's book provides a concise, intriguing, and convincing narrative for both scholarly and public readers interested in the political, cultural, scientific, and environmental history of giant pandas. It is also a valuable contribution to Chinese conservation and environmental history, illuminating the complex interactions of science, nature, and the nation in the PRC." -- Kyuhyun Han, University of California, H-Net Reviews "Songster's much anticipated book Panda Nation: The Construction and Conservation of China's Modern Icon admirably fills a gap in the historiography of China's environment by tracing the giant panda's post-1949 emergence as a Chinese national icon and a global symbol of wildlife conservation...Songster's book...will reward anyone, from undergraduates to senior scholars, with an interest in how the panda gained its iconic status, and how that story relates to modern Chinese history more generally." -- Micah Muscolino, American Historical Review "By choosing instead to tell the multi-faceted story of how humans constructed and conserved this particular species, Songster is able to speak to a much wider audience interested in China's political, social, cultural and environmental history. To all of them, and in fact to readers looking for an unusual entry into modern Chinese history per se, Panda Nation can be highly recommended." -- Hajo Frölich, H-Soz-Kult "How did the giant panda, a shy creature rarely seen in the wild, not hunted for meat, and all but missing from historical texts, come to serve as a political tool for China's national pride, international diplomacy, and soft power projection? In answering this question, Songster draws on cultural history, archives, field research in Pingwu, news articles, scientific monographs, and interviews with some of the pioneers of giant panda biology and conservation." -- Judith Shapiro, Environmental History "Even those immune to the supposed charms of this charismatic megafauna must acknowledge the panda's place at the pinnacle of both Chinese national symbolism and international relief efforts. Songster's accessible and well-organized account historicizes this phenomenon at both a local and global scale, making it essential reading for scholars of ecotourism, Chinese environmental history, and diplomatic history ... The book would be quite suitable for a non-China specialist or an undergraduate environmental history course." -- Zach Smith, Agricultural History "Demonstrates that conservation history of the giant panda has been shaped not only by science and research, but also, and maybe more significantly, by political, economic, and sociocultural factors. The book will serve well in environmental history, international conservation, and China studies classes ... Recommended. Upper-division undergraduates through faculty and professionals." -- Choice "In this delightfully crafted study, Songster reveals how the cuddly panda--ignored in traditional China and dismissed by scientists as an evolutionary fluke--became the unlikely symbol of a world superpower. As it narrates this surprising story, Panda Nation simultaneously provides profound insights into crucial topics in contemporary Chinese history: the development of Chinese environmentalism, the relationship between science and the PRC state, and the nature of Chinese national identity."--Ruth Rogaski, Vanderbilt University "Songster has written a captivating chronicle of how the giant panda has become more than just an endangered species known for its attractiveness. This compelling history reveals the prominent role the giant panda, as both symbol and living creature, has played as a national icon and as a tool of diplomacy in the construction of a modern Chinese identity and in the development of science and nature protection in the People's Republic of China. Panda Nation is an engaging read that fills gaps in the fields of environmental history, environmental studies, and Chinese studies."--Melinda Herrold-Menzies, Pitzer College " Panda Nation is an impressive