This Norton Critical Edition remains the only edition available that is based on completely re-edited texts, accounting for all versions that Twain might have written or influenced. All substantive variants in the two separate "first editions," one printed in Britain and the other in the United States, have been reconciled in this collated edition, with all rejected variants tabulated. Dozens of additional illustrations accompany the text, and all textual variants, accepted or rejected, are included. "Criticism" includes twenty-three reviews and interpretive essays, eight of them new to the Second Edition, including those by Andrew Jay Hoffman, Myra Jehlen, and John Carlos Rowe. A Selected Bibliography is also included. Samuel Langhorne Clemens (1835-1910), best known to the world by his pen-name Mark Twain , was an author and humorist, noted for his novels The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn (1884), which has been called "the Great American Novel", and The Adventures of Tom Sawyer (1876, among many others. Sidney E. Berger is Professor of English and Communications at Simmons College. He was for many years Head of Special Collections at the University of California, Riverside. His many publications include The Design of Bibliographies: Observations, References and Examples and Medieval English Drama: An Annotated Bibliography of Recent Criticism .