Originally written in the early 20th century, this definitive text spans the history of the Stoic philosophical tradition. E. Vernon Arnold discussed Stoicism from its beginnings in Greece, to Rome, to early Christian thinking. This comprehensive discussion includes such eminent thinkers as Zeno, Epictetus, Marcus Aurelius, Seneca, and many others. With its emphasis on fortitude, overcoming difficult emotions, and harmony with the universe as it is, Stoic thought continues to capture readers to this day.