THERE is but slight apology needed for choosing as a subject for investigation a chapter in the history of monasticism. It may seem, no doubt, at first sight, as if monastic and ascetic ideals could have very little interest for a time such as ours, which is characterized in no small degree by a devotion to material well-being and a prominent display of luxury. But our very remoteness from such ideals makes us, perhaps, all the more curious to see what attraction they can have had for those who lived by them, and to inquire whether they have any value for the world of to-day. It is a matter of some interest to see what remedy was applied by the Christianity of earlier ages to the disease of materialism with which we are now beset, and to see how far the remedy was authorized and adopted by the Church in her struggles, not only with the world outside, but also with the worldly tendencies within herself.