CLEP Biology bestseller Thousands of students use Sterling Test Prep to achieve high test scores! Targeted and comprehensive review of topics tested on CLEP Biology. Thousands of students use Sterling Test Prep to achieve high test scores! Targeted and comprehensive review of topics tested on CLEP Biology.   This book provides a detailed and thorough review of Biology topics tested on CLEP Biology exam. The content covers foundational principles and theories necessary to answer related questions on the test. The information is presented clearly and organized systematically to provide you with a targeted review tool. You can focus on one knowledge area at a time to learn and fully comprehend important concepts and principles or to simply refresh your memory. By reading these review chapters thoroughly, you will learn important biology concepts and the relationships between them. This will prepare you for CLEP Biology exam, and you will significantly increase your score. Chapter 1. Macromolecules: Macromolecules ∙ Proteins ∙ Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids ∙ Lipids ∙ Carbohydrates ∙ Water Chapter 2. Enzymes: Enzyme Structure and Function ∙ Control of Enzyme Activity Chapter 3. Cell Metabolism: Glycolysis, Gluconeogenesis and the Pentose Phosphate Pathway ∙ Krebs Cycle ∙ Oxidative Phosphorylation ∙ Metabolism of Fatty Acids and Proteins Chapter 4. DNA, Protein Synthesis, Gene Expression: DNA Structure and Function ∙ DNA Replication ∙ Genetic Code ∙ Transcription ∙ Translation ∙ Eukaryotic Chromosome Organization Chapter 5. Microbiology: Virus Structure ∙ Viral Life Cycle ∙ Prokaryotic Cell: Bacteria Structure ∙ Prokaryotic Cell: Growth and Physiology ∙ Prokaryotic Cell:Genetics Chapter 6. Generalized Eukaryotic Cell: Cell Theory ∙ Nucleus and Other Defining Characteristics ∙ Membrane-Bound Organelles ∙ Plasma Membrane ∙ Cytoskeleton ∙ Cell Cycle and Mitosis ∙ Control of Cell Cycle Chapter 7. Endocrine System: Hormones and their Sources ∙ Mechanisms of Hormone Action Chapter 8. Nervous System: Organization of Vertebrate Nervous System ∙ Major Functions ∙ Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Nervous Systems ∙ Reflexes ∙ Integration with Endocrine System: Feedback Control Chapter 9. Respiratory System: General Structure and Function ∙ Structure of Lungs and Alveoli ∙ Breathing Mechanisms ∙ Thermoregulation: Evaporation and Panting Chapter 10. Circulatory System: Circulatory System Overview ∙ Arterial and Venous Systems: Arteries, Arterioles, Venules, Veins ∙ Composition of Blood ∙ Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide Transport by Blood Chapter 11. Immune System: Non-Specific and Specific Immunity ∙ Innate Immune System ∙ Adaptive Immune System ∙ Tissues ∙ Antigen and Antibody Chapter 12. Digestive System: Introduction to Digestive System ∙ Ingestion ∙ Stomach ∙ Liver ∙ Bile ∙ Pancreas ∙ Small Intestine ∙ Large Intestine ∙ Muscular Control ∙ Summary of GI Tract Chapter 13. Excretory System: Introduction to Excretory System ∙ Kidney Structure ∙ Nephron Structure ∙ Roles in Homeostasis Chapter 14. Muscle System: Important Functions ∙ Structural Characteristics ∙ Mechanics of Muscle Contraction ∙ Regulation of Cardiac Muscle Contraction ∙ Oxygen Debt: Fatigue Chapter 15. Skeletal System: Skeletal System Functions ∙ Skeletal Structure ∙ Bone Structure ∙ Endocrine Control Chapter 16. Reproductive System: Female and Male Reproductive Structures and their Functions ∙ Gametogenesis by Meiosis ∙ Ovum and Sperm ∙ Hormonal Control of Reproduction Chapter 17. Development: Embryogenesis ∙ Mechanisms of Development Chapter 18. Genetics: Mendelian Concepts ∙ Meiosis and Genetic Variability ∙ Analytic Methods Chapter 19. Evolution: Background ∙ Natural Selection ∙ Speciation ∙ Evolutionary Time as Measured by Gradual Random Changes in Genome ∙ Origin of Life Chapter 20. Classification and Diversity: Common Ancestry: Shared Conserved Core Processes and Features ∙ Phylogenetic Trees and Cladograms ∙ Comparative Anatomy Chapter 21. Photosynthesis: Photosynthetic Organisms ∙ Photosynthetic Reactions ∙ Types of Photosynthesis Chapter 22. Plants: Structure and Organization of Plants ∙ Nutrition and Transport in Plants ∙ Reproduction in Plants Chapter 23. Ecosystems, Biosphere and Conservation Biology: Ecosystems, Energy Flow and Nutrient Cycles ∙ The Biosphere and Biomes ∙ Conservation Biology Chapter 24. Population and Community Ecology: Ecology of Populations ∙ Community Ecology Targeted and comprehensive review of topics tested on CLEP Biology. Scoring well on CLEP Biology exam is important for earning college credit in biology. To achieve a high score, you need to develop skills to properly apply the knowledge you have and quickly choose the correct answer. Understanding key science relationships and concepts is more valuable for the test than memorizing terms; therefore you should solve many practice questions. All of the content in this book are prepared by bi