This book explains how to design synthetic cell compartments by chemical and biological methods. Top-down and bottom-up strategies for mimicking functionality of natural compartments, as well as for creating new properties by complex modification of cells, are presented. Additionally, the authors provide information on cutting-edge technologies for producing new materials and using artificial cells as nano-machines. Stefan Schiller , University Freiburg, Germany. Stefan Schiller , University Freiburg, Germany.