"Tariffs and Protectionism" offers a comprehensive exploration of trade barriers and their impact on economies, industries, and global markets. From ancient trade levies to modern trade wars, this book delves into the historical evolution of tariffs, examining their use from ancient Greece to the present day, with specific focus on pivotal periods like the Great Depression and the rise of globalization. The book dissects the economic arguments for and against protectionism, analyzing concepts like comparative advantage, consumer surplus, and deadweight loss to illuminate how tariffs influence wealth distribution and overall economic welfare. Beyond pure economics, the book explores the intricate political dynamics surrounding tariffs. It examines how lobbying, elections, and public opinion sway trade policy decisions, and how tariffs can be wielded as instruments in international relations, sparking trade wars and shaping geopolitical alliances. The role of international institutions like the World Trade Organization in regulating tariffs is also thoroughly examined, as well as the impact of regional trade agreements on global trade flows. The book further investigates the multifaceted nature of modern tariff practices, drawing on diverse examples from countries like Russia, India, Armenia, and Switzerland. It also explores non-tariff barriers such as quotas and subsidies, analyzes the impact of tariffs on developing countries, and delves into the ethical dilemmas inherent in protectionist policies. Finally, the book considers the future of tariffs in a globalized world, addressing the challenges posed by digital trade, technological advancements, and shifting geopolitical power dynamics, offering a comprehensive and nuanced perspective on this critical aspect of the global economy.