Released in 1966, the Coleman Report was a controversial study that assessed inequality in American schools and its consequences for student achievement. The report triggered debate and significantly influenced U.S. policy and educational research. Fifty years later, this volume of The ANNALS explores some of the same issues that the Coleman Report discussed, while also moving forward, looking beyond the issues that Coleman and his colleagues took up. Articles examine families, schools, communities, immigration, and cross-national variation and how they relate to education and educational achievement. Additionally, articles in this volume offer insights for today’s researchers and policy-makers.