“Every historian, every economist, every Bolshevik even, owes Mr. Carr a debt of gratitude too deep to be formulated.” ―A.J.P. Taylor The second volume discusses the regime’s economic policies; the civil war and the subsequent series of radical measures known as “war communism”; the revolt of the peasants; and the catastrophic decline of industry that forced Lenin to institute the New Economic Policy (NEP). The course of NEP is traced down the price crisis of 1923 and the first tentative steps toward planning. The second volume discussed the regime's economic policies; the civil war and the subsequent series of radical measures known as 'war communism'; the revolt of the peasants; and the catastrophic decline of industry that forced Lenin to institute the New Economic Policy (NEP). The course of NEP is traced down to the price crisis of 1923 and the first tentative steps toward planning.