The Classical Greek sophists – Protagoras, Gorgias, Prodicus, Hippias, and Antiphon, among others – are some of the most important figures in the flourishing of linguistic, historical, and philosophical reflection at the time of Socrates. They are also some of the most controversial: what makes the sophists distinctive, and what they contributed to fifth-century intellectual culture, has been hotly debated since the time of Plato. They have often been derided as reactionaries, relativists or cynically superficial thinkers, or as mere opportunists, making money from wealthy democrats eager for public repute. This volume takes a fresh perspective on the sophists – who really counted as one; how distinctive they were; and what kind of sense later thinkers made of them. In three sections, contributors address the sophists' predecessors and historical and professional context; their major intellectual themes, including language, ethics, society, and religion; and their reception from the fourth century BCE to modernity. ‘[This Companion] is among those rare edited volumes where the whole is truly greater than the sum of its parts. Its contributions are uniformly excellent.’ Bryn Mawr Classical Review Introduces the Sophists and their time: a period of cultural enlightenment in thought, language, pedagogy, and performance. JOSHUA BILLINGS is Professor of Classics at Princeton University and the author of Genealogy of the Tragic: Greek Tragedy and German Philosophy (2014) and The Philosophical Stage: Drama and Dialectic in Classical Athens (2021). He has published widely on Greek tragedy and intellectual history, and their modern reception. CHRISTOPHER MOORE is Associate Professor of Philosophy and Classics at Penn State. He is the author of Socrates and Self-Knowledge (Cambridge, 2015), Calling Philosophers Names (2020), and The Virtue of Agency (2023), and has published widely on fifth- and fourth-century philosophy and intellectual history, including their reception.