This volume brings together in one compass the Orthodox Churches - the ecumenical patriarchate of Constantinople and the Russian, Armenian, Ethiopian, Egyptian and Syrian Churches. It follows their fortunes from the late Middle Ages until modern times - exactly the period when their history has been most neglected. Inevitably, this emphasises differences in teachings and experience, but it also brings out common threads, most notably the resilience displayed in the face of alien and often hostile political regimes. The central theme is the survival against the odds of Orthodoxy in its many forms into the modern era. The last phase of Byzantium proves to have been surprisingly important in this survival. It provided Orthodoxy with the intellectual, artistic and spiritual reserves to meet later challenges. The continuing vitality of the Orthodox Churches is evident for example in the Sunday School Movement in Egypt and the Zoe brotherhood in Greece. "wide-ranging and authoritative treatment of the Eastern Orthodox churches..." -Christian Century "This book is a useful reminder of how much the world has changed since 1000, when the Byzantine Empire was stronger than any western European state, or since 1400, when Byzantine scholars came to broaden the scope of the Italian Renaissance." -Warren Treadgold, Speculum-A Journal of Medieval Studies "Thankfully, volume five of the Cambridge History of Christianity enables scholars of Christian cultures to more easily explore issues of the eastern traditions...An excellent seventy-eight page bibliography and an extensive index crown this work." -Jennifer Spock, A Journal of Eastern Christian Studies "...inspires awe....enormous diversity of of excellent scholars....stands out from rivals by its sheer scale....provide an effective structure....identification and development of themes is thoroughly successful....deeply impressive..." --Philip Jenkins This volume encompasses the whole Christian Orthodox tradition from 1200 to the present. Michael Angold was Professor of Byzantine History at the University of Edinburgh from 1996 to 2005. His publications include Church and Society in Byzantium under the Comneni 1081–1261 (1995).