In the 19th century, railroads emerged as the primary mode of long-distance transportation. On the Pacific Coast, the California Pacific Railroad Company was incorporated in 1865 in San Francisco, California. Its main line, which connected Vallejo to West Sacramento, was completed in November 1868. Additionally, the Central Pacific Railroad was chartered by Congress in 1862 to construct a railway eastward from Sacramento, completing much of the western section of the transcontinental railroad in North America. Traveling west from Sacramento, the route encountered a significant challenge, nearly as formidable as the Sierra Nevada Mountains to the east. The Carquinez Strait posed a barrier to establishing an efficient railroad line from Sacramento to Oakland. Leland Stanford, the president of the Central Pacific Railroad, proposed the idea of using a large ferry boat to cross the Carquinez Strait from Benicia to Port Costa. In 1879, the Central Pacific Railroad constructed the ferry Solano and established a railroad connecting Port Costa to Oakland. The Solano , the largest vessel of its class at the time, was designed to transport entire freight and passenger trains between Benicia and Port Costa. This new route was approximately 50 miles shorter and reduced travel time by about one hour. In 1914, the Southern Pacific Railroad Company took over the Central Pacific Railroad. This acquisition, combined with increased population and travel demand, led to the introduction of the Contra Costa ferry in the same year. Slightly larger and wider than its predecessor, the Solano , the Contra Costa became the largest ferry in the world. In 1930, the construction of the Benicia-Martinez railroad drawbridge, spanning the Carquinez Strait, was completed by the American Bridge Division of United States Steel for the Southern Pacific Railroad, effectively ending the need for ferry service.