Northeast Asia, where the interests of three major nuclear powers and the world's two largest economies converge around the unstable pivot of the Korean peninsula, is a region rife with political-economic paradox. It ranks today among the most dangerous areas on earth, plagued by security problems of global importance, including nuclear and missile proliferation. Yet, despite its insecurity, the region has continued to be the most rapidly growing on earth for over five decades―and it is emerging as an identifiable economic, political, and strategic region in its own right. As the locus of both economic growth and political-military uncertainty in Asia has moved further to the Northeast, a need has developed for a book that focuses analytically on prospects for Northeast Asian cooperation within the context of both Asia and the Asia-Pacific regional relationship. This book does exactly that, while also offering a more general theory for Asian institution building. "The authors make a provocative argument, backed up with a wealth of evidence from economic, social, technical, and political fields of activity. The book is valuable both for the argument it advances as well as for the material it has organized on regional interactions in the twelve years or so following the Asian financial crisis of the late 1990s."―Erik Mobrand, Asia Pacific World "This book locates Northeast Asia at the core of East Asian regionalism through illustrating the integrative forces of economic, social and cultural cross-border interaction. Calder and Ye document intensifying interdependence and challenge the view of a Northeast Asia threatened by crisis and power competition. . . Blending new and established data, this fascinating study argues that these dynamics [tourism, exchanges, and institutionalized policy] have greater impact on East Asian integration than power competition."―Sebastian Maslow, Political Studies Review "In stressing the cooperative dimension of relations among [Japan, China, and South Korea], the book not only calls for a new focus for regional analysis, but it also challenges the more traditional treatment of Northeast Asia as a hotbed of geopolitical tensions and rivalries . . . Those interested in regional relations will thus find much to applaud in this book."―T. J. Pempel, International Relations of the Asia-Pacific " The Making of Northeast Asia , makes an important contribution to the literature on East Asian security, and its arguments will challenge and provoke available institutionalist and constructivist scholarship on Asian regionalism. It is going to be widely read and debated."―Amitav Acharya, Professor of International Relations, American University, Washington, D.C. Kent Calder is the Edwin O. Reischauer Professor, the Director of the Japan Studies Program, and the Director of the Edwin O. Reischauer Center for East Asian Studies at Johns Hopkins University. He previously was the special adviser to the U.S. ambassador to Japan. Min Ye is Assistant Professor of International Relations at Boston University. She specializes in China Politics, Comparative Political Economy, and Asian International Relations. The Making of Northeast Asia By Kent Calder Min Ye Stanford University Press Copyright © 2010 Board of Trustees of the Leland Stanford Junior University All right reserved. ISBN: 978-0-8047-6921-1 Contents Preface............................................................................................................xivA Note on Conventions..............................................................................................xviiFlashback..........................................................................................................xviiiAbbreviations......................................................................................................xix1 Northeast Asia in Global Perspective.............................................................................32 Theories of Asian Institutional Development: Changing Context and Critical Junctures.............................273 The Organization Gap in Historical Perspective: War in Korea and the First Critical Juncture.....................574 Overcoming the Organization Gap: Crises and Critical Junctures (1994-2008).......................................805 Visions of a More Cohesive Regional Future.......................................................................1056 A Deepening Web of Regional Connectedness........................................................................1297 The Transformation of China's Regional Policies..................................................................1638 Catalysts: Korea and ASEAN in the Making of Northeast Asia.......................................................1849 Japan's Dilemma and the Making of Northeast Asia.................................................................20410 The United States and Northeast Asian Regionalism..........