Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are extensively used in consumer products, despite their high persistence and other hazards. The risks posed by this chemical class to human health and the environment, which are increasingly becoming understood, have triggered regulation and policy changes. However, safer alternatives to these technically effective materials and methods to discover and use those alternatives are still under development. Remediation of PFAS contaminated sites will not solve the growing worldwide pollution, but substitution with safer substances at the formulation and manufacturing phases will at least abate the flow of PFASs into our bodies and environment. Introducing safer alternatives to some of the PFASs of concern used in select industry sectors, this book informs the reader about the processes of chemical hazard and alternatives assessment that can foster innovation. It is a valuable resource for both green chemists and industrial chemists interested in how they can make their products safer without compromising on function. Simona A. Bălan is a senior environmental scientist at the California Department of Toxic Substances Control (DTSC), where she implements the Safer Consumer Products regulations and leads several teams working on perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in certain consumer products. She is also a lecturer at the University of California, Berkeley, in the School of Public Health and the Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management. Before joining DTSC, she was Senior Scientist at the Green Science Policy Institute, managing international projects on the use of flame retardants and PFASs in consumer products. Simona received a PhD in Environmental Science, Policy and Management from UC Berkeley and a BSc in Earth and Planetary Sciences from Jacobs University Bremen, Germany. Tom Bruton is the Senior Hazardous Substances Engineer at the California Department of Toxic Substances Control, and former Senior Scientist and Science and Policy Fellow at the Green Science and Policy Institute. He holds a PhD in Environmental Engineering from UC Berkeley, MS in Civil and Environmental Engineering from Arizona State University, and a BS in Civil Engineering from Iowa State University. Kim Hazard is a PhD candidate in the School of Public Health, Environmental Health Sciences division, University of California, Berkeley, and the co-instructor of the graduate course, Greener Solutions, PH271H.