This handbook offers an in-depth discussion of the world's oceans. It discusses the marine life that is dependent on the sea as well as the problems threatening the health of the ocean and its wildlife. This book opens with an overview of the history of human knowledge and understanding of the oceans and cryosphere, along with related scientific, technological, social, political, and other factors. It presents and discusses about a dozen major problems facing the Earth's oceans today, along with possible solutions. Readers are given an opportunity to express their thoughts and ideas on today's ocean issues, and are provided with additional resources, such as a bibliography, chronology, and glossary, to assist in further study of the issue. David E. Newton is the author of more than 400 textbooks, encyclopedias, workbooks, and other educational materials, primarily in the field of science and math.